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Delete - Last Modified By: jsa at 9/02/2016 5:26:29 AM
First Non-Indigenous Settlers
The arrival of the first Non-Indigenous Settlers in 1778 changed the country forever. The relationship with the Australian environment was based around the notion of "Terra Nullius" - the land belonged to nobody. The focus for the settlers was based around their own land management experiences, therefore they set out to establish their settlement, focusing on agricultural yield and profit.
Increasing Population
Between 1840 and 1850, the population had increased to an estimated 405,000 people (not including Indigenous). Then from 405k to 1.7 Million in 1871! The discovery of gold saw people from many parts of Europe setting themselves upon Australia with the dream of making a fortune. The relationship with the environment was based around the perception that it provided resources through which to generate wealth, therefore development and export became the focus (grazing, agriculture, timber harvesting and mineral resources). The impact on the environment was devastating, this was not considered while resources were extensive.
Industralisation
From the late 1800's through to the early 1900's, the industrialisation of practices in Australia saw a large scale increase in the productivity of practices occurring throughout the country. Industrialisation is the development of industry on an extensive scale. Cities and towns grew rapidly or were founded; agricultural practices increased and became bigger; land clearing increased with the need for settlements and roads; and new industries began. Work conditions had now changed, resulting in increased time available for people to experience outdoor environments, creating and appreciation and a need for conservational practices.
Nation Building
Nation building is the process of constructing a national identity, this includes national myths as well as major developments in infrastructure. Post federation in 1901, the relationship with the Australian environment was built closely around the perception that Australia was a 'blank canvas' on which to paint a nation. Artists such as Banjo Paterson (early) and Icehouse (1982) had written poems/songs about the 'romantic' nature or history of the beautiful Australian landscape. The beaches became a trademark activity and signature infrastructure had been built, such as the Sydney Harbour Bridge, symbolising the nation. Key infrastructure such as The Great Ocean Road, Snowy Hydro-Electricity Scheme and the National Transport Network all shaped the nation as it moved forward.