Edit 
Delete - Last Modified By: stu at 18/02/2015 12:58:06 PM
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Untrained
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Trained
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Endurance athletes
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Stroke volume (ml)
Rest
Maximal exercise
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80
115
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110
130
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125
185
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Cardiac output (L/min)
Rest
Maximal exercise
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4.8
20
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6.0
26
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6.5
37
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STATE
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RESPIRATORY RATE
(breaths/min)
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TIDAL VOLUME
(L/breath)
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MINUTE VENTILATION
(L/min)
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Rest
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12
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0.5
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6.0
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40-50% max HR
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25
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2.5
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62.5
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85-95% max HR
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50
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3.0
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150
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STATE
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a-vO2 difference (mL/100mL blood)
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Untrained
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Trained
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Triathlete
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Rest
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4.5
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5.0
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5.2
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Moderate exercise
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8.0
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8.5
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8.7
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Maximal exercise
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13.5
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14.0
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17.5
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1. Explain what causes a trained athlete to have greater stroke volume than an untrained athlete. What type of exercise is required for this tobe obtained?
2. Why is it beneficial for an athlete to have an increased stroke volume/ cardiac output when exercising?
3. Why does respiratory rate, tidal volume and minute ventilation all increase significantly from rest to 85-95% max HR?
4. Provide 2 examples of exercise that would produce a minute ventilation equivalent to 62.5 and 150 L/min
5. Explain what ateriovenous oxygen difference is and why it may vary between a trained and untrained athlete?
6. AvO2 difference remains similar for an untrained and triathlete while at rest and moderate exercise but then increases during maximal exercise. Explain why this is the case?